Biotechnology for Zero Waste – Emerging Waste Management Techniques (Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain (editor) etc.)

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Biosorption of Heavy Metals and Metal-Complexed Dyes

Under the Inﬂuence of Various Physicochemical Parameters

Allwin Ebinesar Jacob Samuel Sehar¹, Veena S. More¹, Amrutha Gudibanda

Ramesh¹, and Sunil S. More²

1Visvesvaraya Technological University, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Department of Biotechnology,

Bangalore 560074, India

2Dayananda Sagar University, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560111, India

13.1

Introduction

About three-fourth of the earth is occupied by water, the rich natural resource and

vital for all forms of life on our planet. However, the rapid growth of industrializa-

tion over the years has led to the gradual depletion of this natural resource. Natural

water bodies such as ponds, rivers, lakes, and seas have been highly affected by

the discharge of industrial effluents. For instance, chemical processing and min-

ing industries produce large amount of liquid effluents with heavy metals and toxic

species. These pose serious ecological risks due to their nondegradable nature [1].

There are several industrial processes like mining, fertilizer production, surface

finishing, electroplating, and electrical material production. Industries like mining

and smelting of tanneries, atomic energy production, and aircraft production are

the major sources of heavy metal pollution in aqueous systems [2]. But the exces-

sive amount of toxic heavy metals are majorly discharged from power production

from the steam, mining process with acid mine drainage, electrocoating process, and

nuclear power production. In addition to that, textile, printing, petroleum, pesticide,

solvent, and paint are major industries contaminating water bodies by organic-based

chemicals.

In addition to that, industries such as plastic, fabric, and cosmetics produce a

huge amount of synthetic colored products [3]. The dye production and raw mate-

rial industries discharge 15% of untreated dye complexes along with the effluents

into water bodies without any prior treatment. The discharged dyes comprised of

different contaminants which are highly acidic or basic and dissolved or suspended.

The untreated effluent leads to an increase in the hazardous effect in an aquatic

Biotechnology for Zero Waste: Emerging Waste Management Techniques, First Edition.

Edited by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and Ravi Kumar Kadeppagari.